Godtacular Study - Improbable properties of the Universe

Features of universe:
Note: I am trying not to be as technical as these notes could be.
Reason 1) I only have a cursory understanding of these concepts
Reason 2) Even a cursory understanding is enough to understand the points
Reason 3) You can check into these issues yourselves.

Isaiah 45:18
18 For this is what the LORD says— 

he who created the heavens, 

he is God; 

he who fashioned and made the earth, 

he founded it; 

he did not create it to be empty, 

but formed it to be inhabited— 

he says: 

"I am the LORD, 

and there is no other.

1) Existence of elements necessary for life.
Scientists (Sir Fred Hoyle and others) found that carbon generation occurs through a rather improbable process involving helium, beryllium and the "resonance" of carbon. Resonance is the amount of excitement in the nucleus of an atom. Basically, the universe should contain a far smaller amount of carbon than it does.

Hoyle wrote "A common sense interpretation of the facts suggests that a superintellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature. The number one calculates from the facts seem to me so overwhelming as to put this conclusion almost beyond question."
- Nov 1981, Engineering and Science

2) Ratio of proton to electron mass

Proton is 1836 times heavier than an electron. If it were much different, molecules needed for life would not form, there would be no life, and no physicists around to wonder how it got that way.

3) Relative strengths of gravitation, electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces.

If any of them were slightly different, the universe would be incapable of supporting life.
- Physicist Richard Morris "For example, if the electrical forces were much stronger than they are then no element heavier than hydrogen could form...But electrical repulsion cannot be too weak. If it were, protons would combine to easily and the sun ... (assuming that it had somehow managed to exists up to now) would explode like a thermonuclear bomb.
- Astronomer Hugh Ross "If the strong nuclear force were slightly weaker, multi-proton nuclei would not hold together. Hydrogen would be the only element in the universe."
- Richard Morris "Stronger forces would cause all of the primordial hydrogen - not just 25 percent of it - to be synthesized into helium early in the history of the universe. And without hydrogen, the stars could never begin to shine

4) Protein Formation
Fred Hoyle and Charda Wickramasinghe calculated the odds that all the proteins necessary for life would form in one place (Earth) by random events. 10^40,000. Since there are only 10^80 atoms in the universe, they concluded this was an "outrageously small probability that could not be faced even if the whole universe consisted of organic soup.
Because the facts cannot be explained by random processes on earth, and Hoyle will not accept a biblical explanation, he chose the hypothesis that the seeds of life must have come from other regions in the universe.
Another case where scientists have decided a lot of help from outside is necessary for what we see but they refuse to allow for God. Maybe a beings in a spaceship came here but only their bacteria survived the journey. perhaps genetic material was dropped here purposefully by aliens. Makes for great science fiction stories. It still leaves the question of how life started (in this case the aliens themselves) started in the first place.

5) balance between gravitational force and electromagnetic force
If gravity were altered slightly, all stars would be either red dwarfs or blue giants. Blue giants can't support life but do generate heavy atoms which we need. Red Dwarfs could possibly support life but can't generate heavy elements.

6) Universe started in a low entropy state
What is entropy? - the amount of energy unavailable for work (how disorganized the universe is)
Paul Davies - if the big bang was a random event, the universe should be at high entropy. We have no modern theory to explain why ... our universe somehow got into such an orderly state.... Given A random distribution of gravitating matter, it is overwhelmingly more probable that it will form a black hole than a star or a cloud of dispersed gas.

From "Show Me God" by Fred Heeren (references to quotes available if you want them)